句子的各个成分之间保持在人称、性、数等方面的一致,这种关系称为一致关系。英语中的一致表现为语法一致、意义一致和毗邻一致三方面。
绝大多数谓语动词在人称和单复数上取决于主语的人称和单复数。如:
The burnt child fears the fire.
Things are invented when the need is great enough.
有时谓语动词的单复数取决于主语的单复数意义,而不是简单地取决于主语的单复数形式,这在集合名词作主语时尤其如此:当主语强调整体时,谓语动词用单数;当主语强调构成集合的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数。如:
The basketball team consists of 20 players.(指整个球队)
The basketball team are having a bath now.(指篮球队的队员)
当主语是由连词等连接的一个短语时,往往采取就近原则,即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式和意义。如:
Either the sweater or the shirts were a good buy.
Either the shirts or the sweater was a good buy.
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更多内容请点击: 职称英语指导:语法知识——主谓语的一致